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 form•Z is a 3D application that facilitates the development and execution of projects from conception to complete detailed structures, animated, and automatically fabricated. It combines polygonal with smooth parametric modeling to provide the designer utmost flexibility and freedom of expression, along with information management, and state of the art tools, complemented by an open architecture for further customization. more »
form•Z RenderZone Plus provides the ultimate in photorealistic rendering with Global Illumination based on Final Gather, Ambient Occlusion, and Radiosity, for advanced simulation of lighting effects and rendering techniques. All three techniques are offered through simple interfaces that arm designers with a product that requires little effort to set up, is easy to control, and produces stunning results in a short period of time. more » |
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Introduction General purpose 3D solids and surface modeler form•Z, the 3D form synthesizer, is above all a 3D modeling program, even though it also includes drafting, rendering and walk through animation. Additional photorealistic rendering is offered by form•Z RenderZone, and radiosity based rendering by form•Z RadioZity. form·Z as a modeler is quite unique in that it has accepted a few major challenges that other modeling applications have shied away from:
* It is a general purpose modeler that designers from a variety of different fields can use to create and visualize 3D forms. A few samples of what users from distinctly different fields are doing are shown above. For a more extensive exhibition of form·Z users' work, please visit our Gallery.
* It combines solids and surface modeling. It also combines faceted (boundary) representations with parametric spline representations, NURBS, patches, and metaballs. This unique mixture of modeling personalities allows you to create any form, existing or imaginary, while working in a single package. * It is a design oriented program that, not only allows you to visualize existing forms, but also to create new ones, which remain soft and tentative while they are generated. form•Z is above all a 3D form synthesizer. A graphic interface with associated multiple windows form·Z features a highly interactive graphic interface that allows you to use the mouse both to select operations and to draw as if it were a pencil. At the same time, if you prefer, you can also select all of the operations through key commands, and you can create your objects by entering their dimensions and other parameters through the keyboard. As a matter of fact, you can even mix the two methods, and generate part of an object graphically and another part through numeric input. Interactivity means that, when you generate objects, they are typically soft and are rubber banded, and you can manipulate them as they are being created. In other words, "you get what you see." The final results of your operations appear on your screen as soon as an operation is executed. Even after you create objects, they are never absolutely final, and you can still edit and change them through graphic interaction.
When you create objects graphically, you can work directly in 3D space through axonometric, perspective, isometric, panoramic, or oblique views. Objects are created (edited and transformed) relative to one of the three Cartesian planes (XY, YX, or ZX) or to a user defined and arbitrarily positioned reference plane. In addition, objects can also be drawn relative to a surface of a previously generated object.
You can also work on an orthographic projection view, which feels like you are working in 2D space while you are actually creating entities in 3D space. Or you can work in the traditional engineering fashion, by combining three different orthographic views from the top, the front, and the side, together with a 3D view. The latter is done through four tiled windows which are associated: what you draw in one of them is also reflected in the others. Needless to say, the multiple windows that you can open for a form·Z project are always associated, even when they are not tiled. Each of these windows can be set to a different view, which can be a 3D or an orthographic view, they are all continuously updated as an object is being created or edited, and taken together they can be used to look at a modeling scene from different sides and viewing angles.
As shown in the screen captures, the form·Z interface a menu bar, a tool palette that can be customized and parts or which can be torn off, a number feature palettes, which include a content sensitive tool palette that reflects the options of the currently selected tool. |
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form·Z is an award winning general purpose solid and surface modeler with an extensive set of 2D/3D form manipulating and sculpting capabilities, many of which are unique. It is an effective design tool for architects, landscape architects, urban designers, engineers, animators and illustrators, industrial and interior designers, and all design fields that deal with the articulation of 3D spaces and forms. form·Z is highly responsive to the needs of mature designers and, at the same time, novices can use it with ease. Highly interactive graphic interface with associated multiple windows, tear off tool palettes, virtually unlimited and selectively applied Undo/Redo operations, customizable key shortcuts for all the operations, simultaneously available prepick and postpick modes, and integrated 2D/3D operations allow you to work in either 2D or directly in 3D space. A full set of primitives can be generated through graphic or numeric input. Also dynamically generated 3D solids and 2D shapes include rectangles, n-sided polygons, patterned polygons, circles, ellipses, arcs, free hand line drawings, a variety of splines, and double ("wall") lines. These can be extruded in a direction perpendicular to their plane, or to a point. Spherical objects, that include the complete set of Platonic solids, soccer balls, and lathed and geodesic spheres, can be generated both interactively and through numeric input, and can also be scaled and stretched. A special type of spherical objects, metaballs, can also be generated and blended to form highly organic shapes. Derivative objects that can be generated from other objects include 2D shapes, 3D extrusions, walls, parallel objects, projection objects, unfolded objects, revolved objects, helixes, screws and bolts, stairs, sweeps, skins, and lofts. Terrain models can be generated as true 3D solids, trimmed to the shape of a site, from 2D contour lines. The four available types, mesh, triangulated mesh, stepped, and triangulated contour models, can be freely combined to model rivers, roads, flat areas, and a variety of other topographies. Objects can be meshed at any level of resolution either in the direction of a selected edge or in another preset direction. The meshes can be moved symmetrically according to a predefined profile, or they can be disturbed randomly or according to a mathematical formula, such as a wave. Also, deformation operations can be applied to bend and twist meshed objects. Image based displacements can be used to imprint a shape on both flat and already meshed surfaces. Both quadratic and triangular subdivisions (called q-subz and t-subz, respectively) are available. By increasing the resolution of the surface of an object, while optionally curving it, offers extensive form generation possibilities. Advanced rounding can be applied to both facetted and smooth parametric objects. It ca be applied to vertices, edges, or both vertices and edges, including concave vertices and sequences of edges called stitches. Surfaces can also be smoothly blended or fillets can be applied to their lines of intersection. Draft angles can also be applied to surfaces of solids, to facilitate molding operations. A variety of smoothly curved splines, including NURBS lines, can be drawn directly or can be generated from previously drawn vector lines. All these splines are parametric and can be edited to change their shape. Parametric smooth surfaces can be generated from previously drawn control lines using one of a complete set of mathematical methods that include NURBS, B-splines, and Bezier curves. The NURBS based surfaces are called nurbz [31] in form·Z. After their initial creation, these surfaces can be freely edited to interactively change their shape. Coons and bicubic Bezier patches are parametric curve-bounded surfaces, generated in different ways, that can be smoothly combined to produce a variety of challenging free forms. Metaformzª allow you to organically blend a variety of 3D forms and, as implemented in form·Z, raise the metaballs technology to unprecedented levels. Boolean operations, which include union, intersection, and difference, as well as the composite split operation, can be applied to either 2D shapes or 3D solids. They can be used to compose primitive shapes into arbitrarily complex forms. Trim, Split, and Stitch operations are Boolean-like operations that can be applied to surface meshed objects as well as to solids, to cut away a piece, to separate an object into two or more parts, or to connect objects together. Both 2D and 3D sections of solid objects can be derived using either a cutting plane or a cutting line. Sets of 2D sections at equal intervals are known as contours and can also be generated in orientations parallel to preset reference planes. Cages are low resolution objects or rough volumetric approximations of other detailed objects. They are primarily useful as temporary replacements of the real objects, while manipulating complex scenes or setting up animation sequences. While they can be generated from scratch, there is also a special tool that generates them from an existing object. Preferably non-intersecting objects can be joined into a single object, without reconstructing their faces, which the Booleans do. Joined objects or objects that consist of distinct volumes can be separated, where each volume becomes an independent object. Objects can also be grouped, which links them without turning them into a single object. Groups of objects can be ungrouped, which breaks their links. 2D and 3D text (TrueTypeª and PostScriptª) can be generated as plain text or as text objects. A variety of text placement methods are available, including the placement of text on or between freely unfolding and editable control lines. Both 3D symbols for modeling and 2D symbols for drafting can be defined and stored into symbol libraries. The program actually ships with a few libraries of its own. Symbols can be placed as instances as many times as desirable through a variety of placement options. Also, symbol editing operations allow you to apply global or local changes to instances. Both vector lines and splines can be edited to change their shape, to break them, or to combine them with other lines or splines. The latter includes operations such as trimming, connecting, joining, filleting, and beveling. The topological attributes of objects can be adjusted, which includes reversing their directions, repositioning their initial points, and setting markers. Also, the representational personalities of objects can be converted from one type to another, such as a smooth object becoming facetted, a nurbz becoming smooth, etc. A special conversion operation is cover, which generates a surface to fit the shape of a wire object. Many of the objects in form·Z are parametric and are generated from control lines, which can freely be manipulated to reshape the object. Frequently, it is useful to extract the controls in their new state, which is an operation offered in form·Z. The Query tool provides the ability to determine information about objects, and to calculate areas and volumes, while distances and other lengths can be extracted using the measure operation. Graphically and dynamically executed 2D/3D geometric transformations provide the ability to move, rotate, scale, or reflect either individual entities or groups of entities simultaneously. They can be applied at any of the topological levels (point, segment, face, volume, or group), and a sequence of transformations can be recorded as a macro, which is editable and can be applied as a single operation. Attach, extend, and place tools facilitate the positioning of objects or their parts relative to other objects. Align and distribute operations reposition objects in space according to a variety of preset criteria. As operations are applied to objects, they may be ghosted, which is useful for keeping records of executed operations. Objects can also be ghosted directly and, once ghosted, they may be displayed in a light color or not displayed at all. Ghosted objects may be unghosted by the respective operation. Insertions and deletions are 2D/3D form editing and sculpting operations that can be applied to points, segments, outlines, faces, or volumes. Combined with geometric transformations, they provide an extensive ability to reshape forms. Perspective, axonometric, oblique, isometric, and panoramic views can be graphically controlled by interactively changing the viewing position. You may also view your work in straight up perspective, or use match perspective view to easily blend your model into an existing environment. Viewing positions can be selected from a menu, or one of two tools can be used to navigate through space interactively and to select the desired view. For more control of the viewing parameters, the Cone of Vision may be manipulated to accurately define the position of the viewer, angle of vision, center of interest, and light source, and to position the hither and yon planes. Drawing and graphic input in general can occur under any viewing type and angle. Underlays are images that can be opened and placed in the background of a window for both 2D projections and 3D views. They are useful both for tracing drawings that may have been scanned, and for modeling within the context of an existing environment which may be depicted in the underlay. Rendering options include wire frame, hidden line, surface, and z-buffer rendering with smooth shading, soft and hard shadows, and antialiasing. Photorealistic rendering, including raytrace, and radiosity is available in form·Z RenderZone and form·Z RadioZity. Shaded renderings for interactive manipulations are available through QD3D on MacOS and OpenGL. A drafting module is integrated with the modeling module, which allows images to be transported from modeling to drafting and vice versa. In addition to a variety of drawing tools, the drafting module offers associative dimensioning and hatching, 2D Boolean operations, text, and symbols. Import and export utilities include Art·Lantis, BMP, DWG, DEM Data, DXF, EPS, FACT, HPGL, IGES, Illustrator, JPEG, Lightwave, Lightscape, OBJ, Photoshop, PICT, Piranesi, PNG, QTVR, RIB, SAT, STL, SGI, TGA, Targa, TIFF, VRML, 3DGF, 3DMF, 3DS, and VRML. Rapid prototyping is made easy with STL. 2D/3D digitizing is supported through two distinct modes, screen and world. Floating point precision, virtually unlimited layers, English and metric units, on line Help, numeric input, user defined preferences, and more features are also included. |
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form·Z RenderZone Plus is the version of form·Z that, in addition to all the modeling/drafting/animation tools found in the basic package (described here), includes photorealistic rendering based on the LightWorks® rendering engine. It offers three levels of rendering: simple, z-buffer, and raytrace. A user can start developing the image of a 3D model at the simple level and gradually turn on features and render it at the most photorealistic level. form•Z RenderZone Plus also includes the ability to produce images based on global illumination techniques, which create renderings with the most realism, as the illumination of a scene takes into account the accurate distribution of light in the environment. In RenderZone Plus, global illumination includes final gather, ambient occlusion, and radiosity techniques, which can be applied separately or can be combined. One or more lights can be used, which can be distant (sun), cone, point, projector, area, custom, line, environment, and atmospheric lights. Any of these lights may appear to glow in images and they are in addition to the globally available ambient light. The environment and atmospheric lights, which may be considered advanced light types, are especially optimized for global illumination. Both soft (bit-mapped) and hard (raytraced) shadows are produced by the z-buffer and raytrace renderings. Both procedural and pre-captured textures are offered and can be mapped onto the surfaces of objects using six different mapping methods: flat, cubic, cylindrical, spherical, parametric, or UV coordinates. A preview environment offers easy methods for both positioning and viewing textures as they are mapped onto objects. Cubic and spherical environment mapping, bumps, backgrounds that include alpha channel support, depth effects, and post processing effects can be applied. Blur is an example of a post processing effect that simulates focusing your camera to a particular area of your modeling scene. Sky backgrounds that are procedurally generated come close to real skies that you may have captured with your camera. Transparencies, reflections, and refractions can be applied at the z-buffer and raytrace levels. The reflections and refractions are always correctly raytraced, even when they are produced by the z-buffer rendering. This is achieved by applying a mixed rendering method, where surfaces with no reflections are rendered using z-buffer and the rendering effects of reflective surfaces are produced using raytracing. State of the art shaders are used to render surfaces and other effects. A surface style is defined by up to four layers of shaders, which produce color, reflections, transparency, and bump effects. They can be applied independently or can be correlated. For example, the same procedural or pre-captured texture can be used for the color and then also as a transparency filter or bump mask. Surface styles can be assigned to complete objects or to groups of faces called texture groups. Decals can be attached on top of other surface styles to produce a variety of rendering effects, such as labels on objects, graffiti on walls, partially reflective surfaces, masked transparencies, and more. Up to thirty-two decals can be applied to a single object and, because these decals may freely overlap, the rendering effects can be combined in virtually unlimited ways. Mixed wire frame and shaded renderings can be produced in the same image, in both form•Z and RenderZone Plus. The wire frames can even cast shadows. Natural looking trees, which have been pre-captured, can be included in renderings with particular ease. Libraries with many predefined materials are included and can be easily extended and customized by users. Images can be rendered and saved in a variety of user controlled sizes and resolutions, to a maximum of 16,000 x 16,000 pixels. Partially rendered images can also be produced and saved. The Imager, a utility that is incorporated in the program and is also available independently, can be used to batch render sequences of images whose viewing and rendering parameters are previously set and saved. Raytraced renderings can be accelerated by the use of multiple processors, which are supported by RenderZone Plus. Lengthy renderings and animations can be accelerated by distributing the rendering tasks over a network or rendering clients, which are controlled by a dedicated server application. An unlimited number of clients can be assigned to any network rendering. Also available is a sketch rendering mode that produces non photorealistic images, which appear as if they were drawn by manual rendering techniques, such as oil painting, water color, or pencil hatches. |
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